4. Karotypes let us count and compare chromosomes
Karyotypes stop the cell division to a point where the chromosomes are in their tight condensed and easier to see. Then a dark dye is added to also make it easier to see.
5. Chromosomes usually come in pairs.
There are 23 human chromosomes but everybody has 2 copies so they have 46. Half from your mother and half from your father. Homologous chromosomes are the chromosomes that make up a pair. Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes are called diploid. Haploid cells only have one set of chromosomes. So egg and sperm cells are Haploid.
6. There are a unique number of chromsomes for each species.
Humans have 46 chromosomes, gorillas have 48, cows have 60, fern plants have 1262, and snails and sheep have 54. Obviously sheep and snails are different however. You can tell because the size and anatomy of the chromosomes are different.
7. Chromosomes are associated with gender.
Two X chromosomes lead to female development. XY leads to male development. Non sex chromosomes are called autosomes.
8. Chromosomes are associated with aging.
Telomeres, or the ends of chromosomes, are lost during dna sequencing. Scientist believe that this could be a cause of old age.
9. Before cell division chromosomes are copied by a process called replication.
10.Chromosomes crossover, rearrange and split during meiosis.
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